1 Department of Psychology, Concordia University.
2 Department of Education, Concordia University.

This research examined 3- to 6-year-old's prosocial responses to an unfamiliar experimenter demonstrating diverse needs (instrumental, material, and emotional) in structured tasks across two distinct cultural contexts (urban Canada/Canadian vs. rural Mexico/Tzotzil Maya). Two hundred eighty participants were recruited from preschools in Zinacantán, Mexico (100% Tzotzil Maya), and Montréal, Canada (70% European descent). We compared responses to instrumental, material, and emotional needs across experimental (need present) and control (need absent) conditions. In both cultural contexts, prosociality was responsive to need. However, Canadian children were more likely to respond prosocially than the Tzotzil Maya children across all three needs. In addition, consistent with past research, we found that prosocial responses increased with age. Across the two cultural contexts, we observed both similarities (e.g., the relative frequency of responding to the various needs) and differences (e.g., the effect of task on prosocial responding to instrumental and emotional needs). Taken together, these results highlight the importance of considering the nuanced role of culture in the development of diverse prosocial behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).