Author(s): Hajiaghayi M; Gholizadeh F; Rahbari N; Emamnia N; Shih SCC; Darlington PJ;

Introduction: Cancers often drive T cells toward an exhausted state characterized by impaired cytotoxicity and upregulation of inhibitory receptors (PD-1, TIM-3, CD38) and transcriptional regulators (TOX, NFATc1). Repeated stimulation in vitro is used to model this process, reflecting chronic antigen exposure in the tumor microenvironment. Stress-derived ...

Article GUID: 41906691