Author(s): Engelhardt SC; Weladji RB; Holand Ø; Røed KH; Nieminen M;

Allonursing is the nursing of the offspring of other mothers. Cooperation is an emergent property of evolved decision rules. Cooperation can be explained by at least three evolved decision rules: 1) direct reciprocity, i.e. help someone who previously helpe ...

Article GUID: 38096314

Author(s): Coombs KR; Weladji RB; Holand Ø; Røed KH;

In polygynous systems, such as that exhibited by reindeer Rangifer tarandus, mate choice can be difficult to disentangle from male intrasexual competition because male behavior may constrain female choice. Multiple mating may provide an avenue for female ma ...

Article GUID: 37614915