1 Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
2 Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
3 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
4 Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. marco.leyton@mcgill.ca.
5 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. marco.leyton@mcgill.ca.
6 Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. marco.leyton@mcgill.ca.
7 Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada. marco.leyton@mcgill.ca.

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable mortality worldwide. Since current smoking cessation aids show only modest efficacy, new interventions are needed. Given the evidence that stress is a potent trigger for smoking, the present randomized clinical trial tested whether stress could augment the effects of a memory updating (retrieval-extinction) intervention. Non-treatment seeking smokers (n = 76) were assigned to one of four conditions composed of either a stressful or non-stressful...