1 International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Pavillon 1420 Mont Royal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada. chiagiarasa@gmail.com.
2 Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada. chiagiarasa@gmail.com.
3 International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Pavillon 1420 Mont Royal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
4 Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
5 Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 avenue Vincent d'Indy, Montreal, Quebec, H2V 2S9, Canada.
6 Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada.

The descending motor tracts are different in dancers and musicians.

Brain Struct Funct. 2019 Oct 16;:

Authors: Giacosa C, Karpati FJ, Foster NEV, Hyde KL, Penhune VB

Abstract

Long-term motor training, such as dance or gymnastics, has been associated with increased diffusivity and reduced fiber coherence in regions including the corticospinal tract. Comparisons between different types of motor experts suggest that experience might result in specific structural changes related to the trained effectors (e.g., hands or feet). However, previous studies have not segregated the descending motor pathways from different body-part representations in motor cortex (M1). Further, most previous diffusion tensor imaging studies used whole-brain analyses based on a single tensor, which provide poor information about regions where multiple white matter (WM) tracts cross. Here, we used multi-tensor probabilistic tractography to investigate the specific components of the descending motor pathways in well-matched groups of dancers, musicians and controls. To this aim, we developed a procedure to identify the WM regions below the motor representations of the head, hand, trunk and leg that served as seeds for tractography. Dancers showed increased radial diffusivity (RD) in comparison with musicians, in descending motor pathways from all the regions, particularly in the right hemisphere, whereas musicians had increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the hand and the trunk/arm motor tracts. Further, dancers showed larger volumes compared to both other groups. Finally, we found negative correlations between RD and FA with the age of start of dance or music training, respectively, and between RD and performance on a melody task, and positive correlations between RD and volume with performance on a whole-body dance task. These findings suggest that different types of training might have different effects on brain structure, likely because dancers must coordinate movements of the entire body, whereas musicians focus on fewer effectors.

PMID: 31620887 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]