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Marine oil spills are often reported as a result of activities associated with oil exploration, production and transportation. The spilled oil may reach the shoreline, and then the stranded oil can persist for a long time, exerting many negative effects on coastal ecosystems. Conventional shoreline cleanup methods cannot effectively remove the oil residues from affected areas and are very expensive. Therefore, the use of alginate hydrogel coatings was proposed as a new initiative for emergent shoreline oiling prevention. The alginate hydrogel-coated gravels showed high surface roughness, as well as remarkable water wetting and low-oil-adhesion properties. There was a low oil adhesion on the coated gravels in the continuous test with oil/water emulsion flow, indicating the excellent oil-repellent properties of the coated substrate. The results of batch oil-repellent tests showed that independent of the kind or weathering degree of the oil used, oil can be easily washed out from the coated gravels. The coated gravels had good environmental stability and the slightly partial de-crosslinking of alginate structure would not reduce the oil repellence performance. Moreover, the performance of the alginate hydrogel-coated gravel was further proved with a laboratory shoreline tank simulator, in which more stranded oil floated to the water surface and less oil remained on gravels and entered into subsurface. This proposed oiling prevention method can be used not only for shorelines but also for coastal piers, seaports, and solid manmade shorelines. The coating material is derived from the biomass in the ocean and can be degraded under natural conditions. This study may provide a unique direction for the future development of green oil spill control strategy.