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Dopamine neurons do not constitute an obligatory stage in the final common path for the evaluation and pursuit of brain stimulation reward.

Author(s): Trujillo-Pisanty I, Conover K, Solis P, Palacios D, Shizgal P

PLoS One. 2020;15(6):e0226722 Authors: Trujillo-Pisanty I, Conover K, Solis P, Palacios D, Shizgal P

Article GUID: 32502210
Learning to use past evidence in a sophisticated world model.

Author(s): Ahilan S, Solomon RB, Breton YA, Conover K, Niyogi RK, Shizgal P, Dayan P

PLoS Comput Biol. 2019 Jun 24;15(6):e1007093 Authors: Ahilan S, Solomon RB, Breton YA, Conover K, Niyogi RK, Shizgal P, Dayan P

Article GUID: 31233559
Valuation of opportunity costs by rats working for rewarding electrical brain stimulation.

Author(s): Solomon RB, Conover K, Shizgal P

PLoS One. 2017;12(8):e0182120 Authors: Solomon RB, Conover K, Shizgal P

Article GUID: 28841663
The neural substrates for the rewarding and dopamine-releasing effects of medial forebrain bundle stimulation have partially discrepant frequency responses.

Author(s): Cossette MP, Conover K, Shizgal P

Behav Brain Res. 2016 Jan 15;297:345-58 Authors: Cossette MP, Conover K, Shizgal P

Article GUID: 26477378
The Effects of Electrical and Optical Stimulation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons on Rat 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations.

Author(s): Scardochio T, Trujillo-Pisanty I, Conover K, Shizgal P, Clarke PB

Front Behav Neurosci. 2015;9:331 Authors: Scardochio T, Trujillo-Pisanty I, Conover K, Shizgal P, Clarke PB

Article GUID: 26696851
Title:The Effects of Electrical and Optical Stimulation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons on Rat 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations.
Authors:Scardochio T,  Trujillo-Pisanty I,  Conover K,  Shizgal P,  Clarke PB
Link:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26696851?dopt=Abstract
Category:Front Behav Neurosci
PMID:26696851
Dept Affiliation: CSBN
1 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropsychopharmacology, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada.
2 Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada.
3 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropsychopharmacology, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Psychology, Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada.

Description:

The Effects of Electrical and Optical Stimulation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons on Rat 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations.

Front Behav Neurosci. 2015;9:331

Authors: Scardochio T, Trujillo-Pisanty I, Conover K, Shizgal P, Clarke PB

Abstract

RATIONALE: Adult rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) at around 50-kHz; these commonly occur in contexts that putatively engender positive affect. While several reports indicate that dopaminergic (DAergic) transmission plays a role in the emission of 50-kHz calls, the pharmacological evidence is mixed. Different modes of dopamine (DA) release (i.e., tonic and phasic) could potentially explain this discrepancy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential role of phasic DA release in 50-kHz call emission.

METHODS: In Experiment 1, USVs were recorded in adult male rats following unexpected electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). In parallel, phasic DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) was recorded using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. In Experiment 2, USVs were recorded following response-contingent or non-contingent optogenetic stimulation of midbrain DAergic neurons. Four 20-s schedules of optogenetic stimulation were used: fixed-interval, fixed-time, variable-interval, and variable-time.

RESULTS: Brief electrical stimulation of the MFB increased both 50-kHz call rate and phasic DA release in the NAcc. During optogenetic stimulation sessions, rats initially called at a high rate comparable to that observed following reinforcers such as psychostimulants. Although optogenetic stimulation maintained reinforced responding throughout the 2-h session, the call rate declined to near zero within the first 30 min. The trill call subtype predominated following both electrical and optical stimulation.

CONCLUSION: The occurrence of electrically-evoked 50-kHz calls, time-locked to phasic DA (Experiment 1), provides correlational evidence supporting a role for phasic DA in USV production. However, in Experiment 2, the temporal dissociation between calling and optogenetic stimulation of midbrain DAergic neurons suggests that phasic mesolimbic DA release is not sufficient to produce 50-kHz calls. The emission of the trill subtype of 50-kHz calls potentially provides a marker distinguishing positive affect from positive reinforcement.

PMID: 26696851 [PubMed]