Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation group programme for early-stage schizophrenia: An 18-month randomised controlled trial.

Schizophr Res. 2019 Aug 12;:

Authors: Chien WT, Cheng HY, McMaster TW, Yip ALK, Wong JCL

Abstract

Current psychosocial interventions in schizophrenia are evidenced to improve patients' illness-related knowledge, mental status and relapse rate, but substantive benefits to patients, such as their functioning and insight into the illness, remain uncertain. This multi-centre randomised clinical trial aimed to examine the effects of mindfulness-based psycho-education group intervention for adult patients with early-stage schizophrenia over an 18-month follow-up. The controlled trial was conducted with a repeated-measure, three-arm design at two psychiatric outpatient clinics in Jilin (China) and Hong Kong. A stratified random sample of 180 outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (60/group) was randomly assigned to a mindfulness-based psycho-education group programme, psycho-education group and treatment-as-usual group. The primary outcomes on patients' psychosocial functioning and other patient outcomes, such as psychotic symptoms, in the three groups were compared over the 18-month follow-up (baseline and 1-week, 9-month and 18-month post-intervention). One hundred and sixty (89%) patients completed at least two post-tests. Their mean age and duration of illness were 25-28?years (SD?=?6.1-7.8) and 2.1-2.5?years (SD?=?1.3-2.0; range 4-54?months), respectively. Compared with the two other groups, the mindfulness-based group exhibited a significantly greater improvement with moderate to large effect sizes (Cohen's d?=?0.49-0.98) in functioning (p?=?0.005), duration of psychiatric re-hospitalisations (p?=?0.007), psychotic symptoms (p?=?0.008) and illness insight (p?=?0.001) over the 18-month follow-up. Supplementary MRI findings indicated that the mindfulness-based intervention resulted in significant changes in gray matter volume and density in brain regions concerning attention and emotional regulation. Mindfulness-oriented psycho-education group intervention can be an effective intervention for adults with early-stage schizophrenia and exert long-term effects on patients' functioning and mental conditions.

PMID: 31416744 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]