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The Role of Behavioral Phenotypes on Impaired Driving Recidivism Risk and Treatment Response to Brief Intervention: A Preliminary Study.

Author(s): Moxley-Kelly N, Ouimet MC, Dongier M, Chanut F, Tremblay J, Marcantoni W, Brown TG

Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 Feb;43(2):324-333 Authors: Moxley-Kelly N, Ouimet MC, Dongier M, Chanut F, Tremblay J, Marcantoni W, Brown TG

Article GUID: 30536575
Postretrieval Extinction Attenuates Alcohol Cue Reactivity in Rats.

Author(s): Cofresí RU, Lewis SM, Chaudhri N, Lee HJ, Monfils MH, Gonzales RA

Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2017 03;41(3):608-617 Authors: Cofresí RU, Lewis SM, Chaudhri N, Lee HJ, Monfils MH, Gonzales RA

Article GUID: 28169439
Modeling Relapse to Pavlovian Alcohol-Seeking in Rats Using Reinstatement and Spontaneous Recovery Paradigms.

Author(s): LeCocq MR, Lahlou S, Chahine M, Padillo LN, Chaudhri N

Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2018 Sep;42(9):1795-1806 Authors: LeCocq MR, Lahlou S, Chahine M, Padillo LN, Chaudhri N

Article GUID: 29969151
Title:The Role of Behavioral Phenotypes on Impaired Driving Recidivism Risk and Treatment Response to Brief Intervention: A Preliminary Study.
Authors:Moxley-Kelly N,  Ouimet MC,  Dongier M,  Chanut F,  Tremblay J,  Marcantoni W,  Brown TG
Link:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30536575?dopt=Abstract
Category:Alcohol Clin Exp Res
PMID:30536575
Dept Affiliation: PSYCHOLOGY
1 Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
2 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
3 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada.
4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
5 Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Description:

The Role of Behavioral Phenotypes on Impaired Driving Recidivism Risk and Treatment Response to Brief Intervention: A Preliminary Study.

Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 Feb;43(2):324-333

Authors: Moxley-Kelly N, Ouimet MC, Dongier M, Chanut F, Tremblay J, Marcantoni W, Brown TG

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Heterogeneity in the driving while impaired (DWI) offender population and modest outcomes from remedial programs are fueling interest in clarifying clinically significant DWI subtypes to better assess recidivism risk and target interventions. Our previous research identified 2 putative behavior phenotypes of DWI offenders with distinct behavioral, personality, cognitive, and neurobiological profiles: (i) offenders primarily engaging in DWI (pDWI); and (ii) offenders engaging in DWI and other traffic violations (MIXED). Here, we evaluate these phenotypes' clinical significance for prediction of recidivism and intervention targeting.

METHODS: DWI recidivists participating in a previous randomized controlled trial (N = 184 comparing brief motivational interviewing (BMI) and an information and advice control condition (IA) were retrospectively classified as either pDWI (n = 97) or MIXED (n = 87). Secondary analyses then evaluated the effect of this phenotypic classification on self-reported 6- and 12-month alcohol misuse outcomes and documented 5-year DWI recidivism violations, and in response to either BMI or IA (i.e., pDWI-BMI, n = 46; MIXED-BMI, n = 45; pDWI-IA, n = 51; MIXED-IA, n = 42). Two hypotheses were tested: (i) MIXED classification is associated with poorer alcohol misuse outcomes and recidivism outcomes than pDWI classification; and (ii) pDWI paired with BMI is associated with better outcomes compared to MIXED paired with BMI.

RESULTS: MIXED classification was associated with significantly greater risk of recidivism over the 5-year follow-up compared to pDWI classification. Moreover, the pDWI-BMI pairing was associated with significantly decreased recidivism risk compared to the MIXED-BMI pairing. Analyses of 6- and 12-month alcohol use outcomes produced null findings.

CONCLUSIONS: The clinical significance of phenotypic classification for risk assessment and targeting intervention was partially supported with respect to recidivism risk. Prospective investigation of this and other behavioral phenotypes is indicated.

PMID: 30536575 [PubMed - in process]