1 Biology Department Southern Connecticut State University New Haven CT USA.
2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Mansfield CT USA.
3 Departments of Botany and Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada.
4 Department of Biology McGill University Montréal QC Canada.
5 Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Stewart Biology McGill University Montréal QC Canada.
6 Redpath Museum McGill University Montréal QC Canada.
7 Department of Biology Pace University New York NY USA.
8 Département des sciences biologiques Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal QC Canada.
9 Department of Biology Queen's University Kingston ON Canada.
10 Department of Biology Concordia University Montréal QC Canada.
11 Département de sciences biologiques Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada.
12 Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA USA.
13 Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada.
14 McGill University Genome Center Montréal QC Canada.
15 Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F) Frankfurt am Main Germany.
16 Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada.

Causes of maladaptation.

Evol Appl. 2019 Aug;12(7):1229-1242

Authors: Brady SP, Bolnick DI, Angert AL, Gonzalez A, Barrett RDH, Crispo E, Derry AM, Eckert CG, Fraser DJ, Fussmann GF, Guichard F, Lamy T, McAdam AG, Newman AEM, Paccard A, Rolshausen G, Simons AM, Hendry AP

Abstract

Evolutionary biologists tend to approach the study of the natural world within a framework of adaptation, inspired perhaps by the power of natural selection to produce fitness advantages that drive population persistence and biological diversity. In contrast, evolution has rarely been studied through the lens of adaptation's complement, maladaptation. This contrast is surprising because maladaptation is a prevalent feature of evolution: population trait values are rarely distributed optimally; local populations often have lower fitness than imported ones; populations decline; and local and global extinctions are common. Yet we lack a general framework for understanding maladaptation; for instance in terms of distribution, severity, and dynamics. Similar uncertainties apply to the causes of maladaptation. We suggest that incorporating maladaptation-based perspectives into evolutionary biology would facilitate better understanding of the natural world. Approaches within a maladaptation framework might be especially profitable in applied evolution contexts - where reductions in fitness are common. Toward advancing a more balanced study of evolution, here we present a conceptual framework describing causes of maladaptation. As the introductory article for a Special Feature on maladaptation, we also summarize the studies in this Issue, highlighting the causes of maladaptation in each study. We hope that our framework and the papers in this Special Issue will help catalyze the study of maladaptation in applied evolution, supporting greater understanding of evolutionary dynamics in our rapidly changing world.

PMID: 31417611 [PubMed]