1 School of Optometry, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1P1, Canada.
2 Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, M5S 3G3, Canada.
3 Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada.
4 Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada.
5 Department of Psychology/Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada.
6 School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
7 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation of Greater Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3S 1M9, Canada.
8 Centre de réadaptation Lethbridge-Layton-Mackay du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Mont

Background: Dual sensory impairment (DSI), the combination of visual and hearing impairments, is associated with increased risk for age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Administering cognitive tests to individuals with sensory impairment is challenging because most cognitive measures require sufficient hearing and vision. Considering sensory limitations during cognitive test administration is necessary so that the effects of sensory and cognitive abilities on test performance can be differentiated and the validity of test results optimized.

Objective: To review empirical strategies that researchers have employed to accommodate DSI during cognitive testing of older adults.

Methods: Seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Global Health and the Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews databases) were searched for relevant articles integrating the three concepts of cognitive evaluation, aging, and DSI. Given the inclusion criteria, this scoping review included a total of 67 papers.

Results: Twenty-eight studies reported five categories of strategies for cognitive testing of older adult participants with DSI: the assistance of experts, the modification of standardized test scoring procedures, the use of communication strategies, environmental modifications, and the use of cognitive tests without visual and/or auditory items.

Conclusions: The most used strategy reported in the included studies was drawing on the assistance of team members from related fields during the administration and interpretation of cognitive screening measures. Alternative strategies were rarely employed. Future research is needed to explore the knowledge-to-practice gap between research and current clinical practice, and to develop standardized testing strategies.